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| Home » Toxins that damage the Peripheral Nerves » Thallium |
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Thallium |
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Thallium is a toxic chemical product that has both chemical usage and harmful affects. The physical properties of thallium are as follows:
Name, Symbol, Number: thallium, Tl, 81
Chemical series: poor metals
Group, Period, Block: 13, 6, p
Appearance: silvery white
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Standard atomic weight: 204.3833(2) ?g·mol-1
Electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Physical properties:
Phase: solid
Density (near r.t.): 11.85 ?g·cm-3
Liquid density at m.p:. 11.22 ?g·cm-3
Melting point 577?K
(304?°C, 579?°F)
Boiling point 1746?K
(1473?°C, 2683?°F)
Heat of fusion 4.14 ?kJ·mol-1
Heat of vaporization 165 ?kJ·mol-1
Heat capacity (25?°C) 26.32 ?J·mol-1·K-1
Vapor pressure P(Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T(K) 882 977 1097 1252 1461 1758
Atomic properties
Crystal structure hexagonal
Oxidation states 3, 1
(mildly basic oxide)
Electronegativity 1.62 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies 1st: 589.4 kJ/mol
2nd: 1971 kJ/mol
3rd: 2878 kJ/mol
Atomic radius 190 ?pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 156 ?pm
Covalent radius 148 ?pm
Van der Waals radius 196 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering ???
Electrical resistivity (20?°C) 0.18 µ?O·m
Thermal conductivity (300?K) 46.1 ?W·m-1·K-1
Thermal expansion (25?°C) 29.9 ?µm·m-1·K-1
Speed of sound (thin rod) (20 °C) 818 m/s
Young's modulus 8 ?GPa
Shear modulus 2.8 ?GPa
Bulk modulus 43 ?GPa
Poisson ratio 0.45
Mohs hardness 1.2
Brinell hardness 26.4 ?MPa
CAS registry number 7440-28-0
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of thallium iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
203Tl 29.524% Tl is stable with 122 neutrons
204Tl syn 119 Ms
(3.78 y) ß- 0.764 204Pb
e 0.347 204Hg
205Tl 70.476% Tl is stable with 124 neutrons
The notable characteristics of Thallium are as follows:
The metal of thallium is soft and can be cut with help of a knife.
If thallium is exposed to open air, a coat of metallic luster resembling lead covers the metal.
If thallium is brought in contact to water, thallium hydroxide is formed.
Various applications of thallium:
This odorless and tasteless thallium metal can be used in various applications. In the past days, thallium was a significant metal that was used in a lot of things such as electrical conductivity, optical material, glass manufacturing etc. But presently due to its poisoning effects, thallium is not used in many countries due to safety concerns.
Toxicity of thallium:
Highly poisonous, thallium metal if brought in contact to skin can prove dangerous. Some of the common effects of thallium consist of loss of hair, nerve loss and many more. Side effects that have been reported of thallium are as follows:
Hypotension,
Pruritus,
Flushing and diffuse rash,
Itching,
Nausea/vomiting,
Mild diarrhea,
Tremor,
Shortness of breath,
Chills,
Fever,
Conjunctivitis,
Sweating
Blurred vision
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